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How to Perform a Zero‑Downtime MySQL 8.0→8.4 LTS Upgrade on an Ubuntu 24.04 VPS with InnoDB Cluster (Group Replication), MySQL Router, Rolling Cutover/Failback, and TLS (2025 Tutorial)

Introduction Upgrading MySQL from 8.0 to 8.4 LTS in production environments requires careful planning to maintain high availability and prevent data loss. With MySQL 8.4 LTS offering enhanced performance, security improvements, and long-term support, the upgrade provides significant benefits for…

How to Perform a Zero‑Downtime PostgreSQL 16→17 Upgrade on an Ubuntu 24.04 VPS with Logical Replication, Cutover/Failback, and TLS (2025 Tutorial)

Introduction Upgrading PostgreSQL in production environments requires careful planning to avoid service disruptions. While traditional upgrade methods like pg_dump and pg_upgrade require downtime, logical replication enables zero-downtime PostgreSQL upgrades by maintaining a synchronized replica during the transition. This comprehensive tutorial…

How to Set Up Point‑in‑Time Recovery Backups for MySQL 8.4 LTS on an Ubuntu 24.04 VPS with MySQL Shell Dump, Binary Logs, and S3‑Compatible Storage (2025 Tutorial)

Setting up comprehensive point-in-time recovery (PITR) for MySQL 8.4 LTS is crucial for production databases. This tutorial demonstrates how to implement a robust backup strategy combining MySQL Shell’s logical dumps with binary log backups to S3-compatible storage, enabling recovery to…

NATS JetStream vs RabbitMQ vs Apache Kafka on VPS in 2025: Throughput/Latency Benchmarks, Exactly‑Once vs At‑Least‑Once, Durability/Replication, TLS/mTLS, and the Best Message Broker for Your Stack

Choosing the right message broker can make or break your distributed system’s performance and reliability. In 2025, three solutions dominate the landscape: NATS JetStream, RabbitMQ, and Apache Kafka. Each offers distinct architectural approaches to messaging, with trade-offs in throughput, latency,…

How to Benchmark Your Linux VPS in 2025: CPU, NVMe Disk, and Network Performance with sysbench, fio, iperf3, wrk/hey, and eBPF Tools

Performance benchmarking is crucial for understanding your VPS capabilities and ensuring optimal resource utilization. Whether you’re running a high-performance database, web application, or microservices architecture, knowing your system’s limits helps with capacity planning and performance tuning. This comprehensive guide walks…

How to Deploy a Production‑Ready Authentik SSO on an Ubuntu 24.04 VPS with Docker Compose, PostgreSQL, Redis, OIDC/SAML, and TLS (2025 Tutorial)

Introduction Single Sign-On (SSO) has become essential for modern organizations managing multiple applications and services. Authentik is an open-source identity provider that offers comprehensive authentication and authorization capabilities, supporting both OIDC and SAML protocols. Unlike traditional authentication systems, Authentik provides…

ProxySQL vs MySQL Router vs MariaDB MaxScale on VPS in 2025: Performance Benchmarks, Read/Write Splitting, Connection Pooling, TLS/mTLS, and the Best MySQL Proxy for Your Stack

Choosing the right MySQL proxy solution for your VPS deployment can dramatically impact your database performance, availability, and scaling capabilities. As applications grow and database loads increase, implementing a proper proxy layer becomes essential for connection pooling, read/write splitting, and…

PgBouncer vs Pgcat vs Odyssey on VPS in 2025: Performance Benchmarks, Connection Pooling Modes, Prepared Statements, TLS/mTLS, and the Best PostgreSQL Proxy for Your Stack

Managing database connections efficiently is crucial for scaling PostgreSQL applications on VPS infrastructure. Connection pooling proxies reduce the overhead of establishing new connections, enable better resource utilization, and protect your database from connection exhaustion. In this comprehensive comparison, we’ll analyze…